The trend of quenching deformation
 

When Ms is above, deformation is mainly caused by thermal stress:

A cylindrical workpiece with a height greater than its diameter - the height is shortened, the diameter becomes thicker, and ultimately causes a bulging deformation at the waist.

Disc parts with a diameter greater than the thickness - as the thickness increases, the diameter decreases.

A cylindrical body with circular (square) holes with a wall thickness smaller than the height - the inner hole shrinks, the outer diameter increases, and the height shortens (the wall thickness appears as a waist drum shape).

Flat bodies with circular (square) holes with a wall thickness less than the height - the inner hole shrinks and the outer diameter increases (the wall thickness appears as a waist bulge).

Cube - tends to be spherical.

When Ms is below, deformation is mainly caused by instantaneous tissue stress:

The trend of workpiece deformation is to elongate along the maximum size direction, shrink along the minimum size direction, concave surface, and sharp edges.

For cylindrical workpieces with a length greater than the diameter, the specific manifestation is that the center is elongated, the diameter becomes thinner, and the length increases.

A cylindrical body with a circular (square) hole with a wall thickness smaller than the height - the inner hole expands, the outer diameter shrinks, and the height increases (the wall thickness is reversed in a bulging shape).

A flat body with a circular (square) hole with a wall thickness less than its height - the inner hole increases and the outer diameter shrinks (the wall thickness shows a reverse bulge shape).

Cube - concave in the plane with prominent edges.

In actual production, there are both instantaneous thermal stress and instantaneous structural stress during quenching and cooling. Due to the opposite deformation caused by them, the final deformation of the workpiece is the superposition of two types of stresses.

Deformation and size changes caused by volume effect:

Axis class - - d+, L+or d -, L-;

Flat body - d+, L+or d -, L -;

Round (square) hole cylinder - d+, D+, L+or d -, D -, L -;

Round (square) hole flat body - d+, D+or d -, D -;

Cube - d+, L+or d -, L -;