Hot-rolled steel is a high-quality carbon structural steel with a carbon content of about 0.10%~0.15%, which is low carbon steel.
There are three types of hot-rolled steel used for stamping:

(1) SPHC - is the representative steel type of hot-rolled steel.
(2) SPHD - compared with SPHC, its stretchability is better.
(3) SPHE - Compared with SPHC, its stretchability is better.

Cold-rolled steel is also a high-quality carbon structural steel with a carbon content of about 0.08% to 0.12%, which is low carbon steel. There are three types of cold-rolled steel used for stamping:

(1) SPCC - s the representative steel type of cold-rolled steel.
(2) SPCD - compared with SPCC, its stretchability is better.
(3) SPCE - Compared with SPCC, its stretchability is better.

Stainless steel refers to high-alloy steel with a chromium content of more than 11%. Its main characteristics are corrosion resistance and heat resistance, as well as stainlessness and surface brightness. Stainless steels used in stamping include ferritic stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel and martensitic stainless steel.

The stamping performance of ferritic stainless steel is close to that of cold-rolled steel plates. In the production process of this stainless steel plate, hot rolling, cold rolling and annealing methods can also be used to obtain the texture, so that the r value reaches about 1.2~1.8, so it has good Deep drawing performance. However, its hardening index is about 0.2, and its elongation is about 0.25~0.3, which are both smaller than austenitic stainless steel, so its elongation stamping formability is poor.

Stainless steel has the following properties:

(1) Hardness and tensile strength are 2 times higher than mild steel plate.
(2) Poor thermal conductivity and large thermal expansion coefficient.
(3) Deep drawing processing will cause aging cracks.
(4) The surface is easily scratched by the mold.

Copper and copper alloys can be divided into two categories: stretched copper materials (stretched copper) and cast materials according to their manufacturing methods.

The representative characteristics of copper and copper alloys are as follows:
(1) Good thermal conductivity and good electrical conductivity.
(2) Good cutting processability.
(3) Has non-magnetic function.
(4) No embrittlement occurs at low temperatures.
(5) Corrosion resistance.
(6) Good elasticity.
(7) The color is beautiful and easy to tin plating.

Aluminum and aluminum alloy materials can be divided into two categories: stretched materials and cast materials according to their manufacturing and forming processes. The difference between stretch materials and heat-treated alloys and non-heat-treated alloys mainly lies in the different methods of controlling the strength of the materials. For non-heat-treatable alloys, the strength of the material is controlled by adjusting the degree of cold working. Generally speaking, the higher the degree of cold working, the higher the strength of the material. Heat-treated alloys obtain the required strength through heat treatment methods such as quenching and aging treatment.

Basic characteristics of aluminum and aluminum alloys:
(1) Beautiful appearance.
(2) Large strength to weight ratio.
(3) Excellent processability.
(4) Good comprehensiveness.
(5) Corrosion resistance.
(6) Low temperature characteristics.
(7) Good electrical conductivity.
(8) Good thermal conductivity.
(9) Good reflectivity.
(10) Nonmagnetic.
(11) Non-toxic.
(12) Recycling.

The meanings of the digits of aluminum and aluminum alloys:

The first digit indicates: the main alloying elements added:

(1) Pure aluminum.
(2) The main alloying element added is copper.
(3) The main alloying element added is manganese or manganese and magnesium.
(4) The main alloying element added is silicon.
(5) The main alloying element added is magnesium.
(6) The main alloying elements added are silicon and magnesium.
(7) The main alloying elements added are zinc and magnesium.
(8) New alloys that do not belong to the above alloy series.

The second digit indicates: the content of the main alloying elements added or the content of impurities in the original alloy that has been modified.
(1) represents the original alloy.
(2) Indicates that the original alloy composition has been modified for the first time.
(3) Indicates that the original alloy composition has been modified for the second time.

Third and fourth digits:
Pure aluminum: indicates purity, that is, the minimum aluminum content.
Alloy: code indicating individual alloys.

Hn or Tn after "-" indicates the work hardening state or the tempering symbol of the heat treatment state.
-Hn: Represents the tempering symbol for non-heat treated alloys.
-Tn: Represents the tempering symbol of heat-treated alloy.