The effects of 49 elements on steel performance can be summarized as follows:

1. Carbon (C): Increases hardness and strength but reduces ductility.
2. Manganese (Mn): Improves toughness and hardness, and aids in deoxidizing.
3. Silicon (Si): Enhances strength and elasticity, and deoxidizes.
4. Phosphorus (P): Increases strength and hardness but reduces toughness.
5. Sulfur (S): Improves machinability but reduces toughness and ductility.
6. Nickel (Ni): Adds toughness, corrosion resistance, and strength.
7. Chromium (Cr): Improves hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance.
8. Molybdenum (Mo): Enhances strength, hardness, and resistance to wear and corrosion.
9. Vanadium (V): Increases strength, toughness, and wear resistance.
10. Tungsten (W): Improves hardness, wear resistance, and high-temperature strength.
11. Cobalt (Co): Adds strength and hardness at high temperatures.
12. Copper (Cu): Improves corrosion resistance and adds strength.
13. Aluminum (Al): Aids in deoxidizing and grain refinement.
14. Boron (B): Enhances hardenability and strength.
15. Nitrogen (N): Increases strength and hardness but can reduce ductility.
16. Titanium (Ti): Improves strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance.
17. Zirconium (Zr): Enhances strength and grain refinement.
18. Niobium (Nb): Adds strength, toughness, and wear resistance.
19. Tantalum (Ta): Increases strength and corrosion resistance.
20. Hafnium (Hf): Improves strength and high-temperature stability.
21. Calcium (Ca): Enhances machinability and deoxidizing.
22. Magnesium (Mg): Improves machinability and strength.
23. Lead (Pb): Improves machinability but is toxic.
24. Arsenic (As): Adds strength but is toxic and brittle.
25. Antimony (Sb): Enhances strength and hardness but is toxic.
26. Tin (Sn): Improves corrosion resistance and hardness.
27. Bismuth (Bi): Enhances machinability.
28. Cadmium (Cd): Adds corrosion resistance but is toxic.
29. Selenium (Se): Improves machinability.
30. Tellurium (Te): Enhances machinability.
31. Zinc (Zn): Adds corrosion resistance.
32. Gallium (Ga): Enhances high-temperature stability.
33. Germanium (Ge): Improves strength and toughness.
34. Indium (In): Increases strength and toughness.
35. Thallium (Tl): Adds corrosion resistance.
36. Yttrium (Y): Enhances strength and grain refinement.
37. Lanthanum (La): Improves strength and high-temperature stability.
38. Cerium (Ce): Adds strength and deoxidizing properties.
39. Praseodymium (Pr): Enhances strength and toughness.
40. Neodymium (Nd): Improves strength and toughness.
41. Samarium (Sm): Adds high-temperature strength.
42. Europium (Eu): Enhances strength and toughness.
43. Gadolinium (Gd): Improves strength and high-temperature stability.
44. Terbium (Tb): Adds strength and toughness.
45. Dysprosium (Dy): Enhances strength and high-temperature stability.
46. Holmium (Ho): Improves strength and toughness.
47. Erbium (Er): Adds strength and high-temperature stability.
48. Thulium (Tm): Enhances strength and toughness.
49. Lutetium (Lu): Improves strength and high-temperature stability.

These elements each contribute unique properties to steel, enhancing its performance for various applications.